Thiols Analysis Service - Creative Proteomics

Q: How do you stabilize thiols during sampling and prep to avoid artefactual oxidation?

Use immediate quenching/alkylation (e.g., N-ethylmaleimide or iodoacetamide) at low temperature, minimize air exposure, and proceed with rapid deproteinization; this prevents conversion of reduced GSH and other –SH species to disulfides that otherwise inflate “oxidized” readouts.

Q: Which derivatization reagents are commonly used for thiol detection, and when?

Monobromobimane is widely used for fluorescence/HPLC or LC–MS workflows because it becomes highly fluorescent after reacting with thiols, while N-ethylmaleimide and iodoacetamide provide fast, irreversible alkylation compatible with LC–MS/MS quantification and redox-speciation designs.

Q: Can LC–MS/MS distinguish free vs. protein-bound or oxidized thiols?

Yes; differential alkylation strategies coupled to targeted LC–MS/MS or PRM allow separate tracking of reduced, mixed-disulfide, and other oxidized states, enabling thiol/disulfide speciation beyond total pools.

Q: When should I choose HILIC or mixed-mode LC instead of standard reversed-phase?

For small, polar thiols that elute early or co-elute on C18, HILIC or mixed-mode chemistries provide stronger retention and improved selectivity, reducing matrix interference in metabolomics-style assays.

Q: Why do many GSH/GSSG assays report unexpectedly high GSSG, and how is this avoided?

Artificial oxidation of GSH during pre-analytical handling can inflate apparent GSSG; stabilization at collection and matrix-appropriate workflows are essential to avoid the well-documented “micromolar GSSG” artefact.

Q: How are S-nitrosothiols (RSNOs) handled given their lability?

RSNOs require specialized stabilization and detection (e.g., photolysis/chemiluminescence or LC approaches with tailored derivatization), because they decompose or transnitrosate under common prep conditions; method selection hinges on sample matrix and target RSNO.

Q: Do you support analysis of volatile thiols (e.g., 3-MH, 3-MHA) from fermentation or flavor matrices?

Yes; volatile thiols are typically measured by headspace SPME followed by GC–MS/MS, often after thiol-specific derivatization (e.g., PFB derivatives) to enhance sensitivity for ultra-trace levels in complex matrices.

Q: What is matrix-matched calibration and when is it needed for thiols?

Matrix-matched calibration uses the same matrix type (post-extraction or surrogate) to build calibration curves, compensating for ion suppression or adduct formation—especially important for polar thiols where retention and response are matrix dependent.

Q: Can LC–MS/MS confirm low-abundance thiol adducts or conjugates (e.g., GSH adducts)?

High-resolution PRM provides full MS2 spectra and accurate mass to orthogonally confirm targeted adducts, resolving isobaric interferences that may persist in MRM-only data.

Q: How should samples containing CoA thioesters be treated to prevent hydrolysis?

Keep samples cold and acidified as appropriate, minimize freeze–thaw, and proceed rapidly to extraction and LC–MS to preserve labile acyl-CoAs and avoid thioester exchange that can bias quantification.

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What Are Thiols—and Why Analyze Them

Thiols are small sulfur-containing molecules featuring a reactive sulfhydryl (–SH) group. As key participants in redox reactions, enzyme catalysis, and cellular detoxification, they serve as sensitive indicators of oxidative balance, metabolic flux, and thiol–disulfide exchange dynamics across diverse biological and chemical systems.

Precise thiol analysis is essential for understanding redox pathways, assessing sample integrity, and identifying unwanted chemical reactivity in biological, industrial, or formulation matrices. Yet due to their high reactivity and poor stability, thiols are among the most technically challenging metabolites to measure—requiring specialized derivatization and stabilization protocols to ensure data accuracy.

Problems We Help You Solve

Thiols are chemically unstable and analytically difficult to quantify. Common issues include:

Oxidation during handling
Free thiols readily oxidize to disulfides, distorting true concentrations unless rapidly stabilized.
Poor retention and co-elution
Many thiols are small and polar, making them hard to retain on standard LC columns and prone to matrix interference.
Derivatization bias
Incomplete or inconsistent labeling can compromise both sensitivity and accuracy.

Creative Proteomics overcomes these barriers using tailored stabilization, isomer-resolved chromatography, and matrix-matched quantification. The result is reliable, reproducible data—even from complex or reactive samples.

Thiols Analysis Service Options and Custom Modules

Targeted LC–MS/MS Quantification
Quantitative MRM/PRM for predefined thiols panels across biofluids, cells, tissues, and process matrices; fit-for-purpose calibration and QC.
Redox Speciation (Reduced vs Disulfide Forms)
Stabilized workflows to measure free, protein-bound, and oxidized states; supports redox ratio readouts and trend tracking.
High-Resolution Confirmation (PRM/HRAM)
Orthogonal confirmation of key targets or suspected adducts; documentation suitable for method transfer.
Volatile Thiols (GC–MS)
Headspace or extract-based methods for aroma-/process-related sulfur compounds in food, beverage, and fermentation contexts.
Custom Method Development or Bridging
Method transfer, matrix-effect studies, spike-recovery optimization, and SOP alignment for regulated-like environments.

Detectable Thiols and Sulfur Compounds: Full Panel

Category	Representative analytes	Notes
Core endogenous low-MW thiols	Cysteine (free/protein-bound), Homocysteine, Cysteinylglycine, Cysteamine, γ-Glutamylcysteine, 2-Mercaptoethanol	Speciation of free vs. protein-bound available
Disulfides & redox pairs	Cystine, Homocystine, Mixed disulfides (Cys–GSH, GSH–protein), GSSG	Report with redox-pair context if needed
RSNO & persulfides (reactive sulfur species)	S-Nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), S-Nitrosocysteine (Cys-NO), Glutathione persulfide (GSSH), Cysteine persulfide (Cys-SSH)	*Stabilized capture/derivatization required
Sulfenic/sulfinic/sulfonic acids (oxidized thiol states)	Cysteine-SOH*, Cysteine-SO₂H, Cysteic acid (Cys-SO₃H)	*Trapping reagents recommended for SOH
Glutathione pathway & conjugates	GSH, GSSG, Ophthalmate, Selected GSH-conjugates (custom list)	Targeted MRM/PRM with reference standards
CoA thiols & acyl-thioesters	CoA-SH, Acetyl-CoA, Succinyl-CoA, Malonyl-CoA, Propionyl-CoA, Butyryl-CoA, Palmitoyl-CoA, Crotonyl-CoA	Panel extendable to additional acyl-CoAs
Sulfur metabolites (inorganic/related)	H₂S*, Thiosulfate, Sulfite/Sulfate†, Taurine, Cysteinesulfinic acid	*Captured/derivatized; †reported as related anions
Volatile thiols (aroma/process)	3-Mercaptohexan-1-ol (3-MH), 3-Mercaptohexyl acetate (3-MHA), 2-Furfurylthiol, Methanethiol, Ethanethiol, Benzenemethanethiol, 3-Mercapto-3-methyl-1-butanol	GC–MS headspace or extract workflows
Exogenous/therapeutic thiols & reagents	N-Acetylcysteine (NAC), Penicillamine, DTT†, β-Mercaptoethanol†, MESNA (2-mercaptoethanesulfonate), Thiocholine	†Typically tracked as process controls
Thioethers & special sulfur antioxidants	Ergothioneine (ERG), Lanthionine	Often quantified alongside thiols for redox context
Cyclized/derived forms	Homocysteine thiolactone (HCTL), Cystathionine	Include when homocysteine metabolism is in scope

Notes: Final panels are tailored to matrix and purpose. If a target is not listed, provide a standard or structure and we will scope feasibility.

Why Choose Our Thiols Analysis Service?

Stability-first sampling

Predefined quench/derivatization plans reduce oxidation artifacts and re-equilibration errors.

Quantitative confidence

Method acceptance targets: R² ≥ 0.995 and ≤ 15% CV intra-batch, documented per batch.

Matrix-Matched Recovery (85–115%):

Calibration is performed in matched matrices (serum, broth, buffers) to minimize suppression; spike recovery data is reported per batch.

Broad dynamic range

Calibration routinely spans ≥ 4 orders of magnitude, with matrix-matched verification.

Trace detection when matrices permit

Triple-quadrupole MRM supports sub-nanomolar detection; achieved LOD/LOQ reported by analyte.

Isomer-resolved chromatography

HILIC or mixed-mode methods minimize co-elution and ion suppression for polar thiols.

Instrument-level traceability

Delivered packages include raw data, method files, transitions, and calibration back-calculations.

Carryover control

Sequence design and hardware rinses target < 0.1% carryover; blanks confirm performance.

Robust confirmation

PRM/HRAM verification flags interferences and secures identity in complex matrices.

How We Analyze Thiols: Methods, Instruments, and Parameters

At Creative Proteomics, thiols are quantified using targeted LC–MS/MS, PRM-based high-resolution confirmation, or HPLC-FLD, depending on analyte class, matrix type, and project goals. All methods are derivatization-compatible and stability-aware.

LC–MS/MS (Targeted Quantification)

Platforms:

Triple Quad: Agilent 6495C
UHPLC Systems: Waters ACQUITY

Method Highlights:

Scheduled MRM for throughput and matrix-specific transitions
HILIC or mixed-mode chromatography for polar thiols and redox pairs
Derivatization reagents include NEM, IAA, mBBr

Best suited for: Absolute quantification in plasma, tissues, cells, fermentation samples

HPLC–FLD (Fluorescence Detection)

Platform: Agilent 1260 Infinity II FLD

Reagents: Monobromobimane (mBBr) or Thioglo tags

Application: Routine free thiol quantification or GSH:GSSG ratio tracking

Best suited for: High-throughput sample screening without isomer resolution

High-Resolution PRM (Qualitative & Orthogonal Confirmation)

Platform: Orbitrap Exploris 480

Use Case: Identity confirmation, interference resolution, conjugate screening

Approach: PRM with full MS² spectra, optional library matching or neutral loss scanning

Best suited for: Adduct verification, low-abundance confirmation, unknown annotation

GC–MS (Volatile Sulfur Compounds)

Platform: Thermo ISQ 7000

Approach: Headspace-SPME, derivatization or direct injection

Analytes: Methanethiol, ethanethiol, 3-MH, 2-furfurylthiol

Best suited for: Food aroma studies, process volatiles, fermentation diagnostics

Agilent 6495C Triple Quadrupole (Figure from Agilent)

Agilent 1260 Infinity II HPLC (Fig from Agilent)

Orbitrap Exploris 480 (Figure from Thermo)

Thermo ISQ 7000 (Figure from Thermo)

Thiols Analysis Workflow: Step by Step

Scope & Panel Setup

Define matrices, target thiols, expected ranges, and acceptance criteria aligned to goals.

Stabilization Strategy

Select quench and derivatization chemistry (e.g., NEM, IAA, mBBr) matched to matrix risks.

Sample Preparation

Deproteinize under cold conditions, perform reduction/alkylation if required, and apply SPE or filtration.

Chromatography & Acquisition

Run HILIC or mixed-mode LC for polar thiols; acquire targeted MRM or PRM with scheduled windows.

Quality Control & Verification

Use blanks, surrogates, matrix spikes, pooled QCs, and orthogonal HRAM confirmation where necessary.

Data Analysis & Review

Quantify against matrix-matched calibration, assess recovery and precision, and investigate interferences.

Thiols analysis workflow showing scope, stabilization, prep, LC–MS acquisition, QC, data review, and reporting

Sample Requirements for Thiols Profiling

Sample Type	Minimum Volume	Recommended Concentration	Storage Conditions	Preparation Notes
Biological Fluids	100 µL	1–5 mg/mL	Store at -80°C for long-term storage	Ensure samples are collected in clean, sterile containers to avoid contamination. Use EDTA or other anticoagulants when necessary.
Tissue Samples	50 mg	10–100 mg/g	Store at -80°C or snap freeze with liquid nitrogen for long-term storage	Samples should be processed immediately after collection to prevent oxidation. Homogenize tissue samples in buffer containing protease inhibitors.
Cell Culture Media	200 µL	0.1–10 mg/mL	Refrigerate at 4°C for short-term or store at -80°C for long-term	Collect media at the appropriate time point to capture relevant thiol changes. Filter to remove cell debris before analysis.
Protein Solutions	10 µL	1–10 mg/mL	Store at -80°C for long-term storage	Ensure protein samples are stored in small aliquots to prevent repeated freeze-thaw cycles, which can affect thiol stability.
Plasma/Serum	100 µL	1–5 mg/mL	Store at -80°C or freeze immediately	Plasma or serum should be separated from whole blood within 1–2 hours of collection to prevent oxidation and protein degradation.
Plant Samples	100 mg	10–100 mg/g	Store at -80°C for long-term storage	Homogenize plant material with a suitable extraction buffer immediately after collection to prevent oxidation of thiol groups.

Notes for All Sample Types:

Avoid exposure to light during sample collection and processing, as thiols are sensitive to UV radiation.
Use antioxidants in buffers or solutions to minimize thiol oxidation during sample preparation.
Minimize sample handling to avoid degradation or modification of thiol groups.

What You Receive: Deliverables from Our Thiols Analysis

Analytical Report: A detailed summary of thiol concentrations, oxidation states, and disulfide bond analysis.
Raw Data Files: Raw data in CSV, Excel, or instrument-specific formats for further analysis.
Statistical Analysis: Interpretation of the data, including statistical significance and comparisons.
Data Visualizations: Graphs and charts for easy interpretation of results.
Methodology Document: A description of the methods and protocols used in the analysis.

LC-MS chromatogram showing high-resolution peaks of different thiol compounds, highlighting precise retention times and separation capabilities.

LC-MS Chromatogram of Thiol Compounds

SDS-PAGE gel displaying reduced and oxidized protein bands, marked in blue and orange, respectively, illustrating disulfide bond formation.

SDS-PAGE Disulfide Bond Formation

Fluorescence Spectroscopy Calibration Curve

HPLC chromatogram depicting the separation of reduced and oxidized thiols, with distinct peaks for each state marked by red and green dashed lines.

HPLC Chromatogram for Reduced vs. Oxidized Thiols

Applications of Thiols Analysis in Research and Industry

Biotechnology

Analyzing thiol-dependent protein folding and stability in biomanufacturing processes.

Cellular Biology

Assessing oxidative stress and thiol redox status in cell cultures and tissues.

Pharmaceutical Research

Studying thiol-based drug targets and mechanisms in cellular pathways.

Environmental Science

Monitoring the impact of pollutants on thiol-containing biomolecules in ecosystems.

Agricultural Biotechnology

Investigating the role of thiols in plant stress responses and genetic modifications.

Materials Science

Developing thiol-modified biomaterials for medical and industrial applications.

How do you stabilize thiols during sampling and prep to avoid artefactual oxidation?

Use immediate quenching/alkylation (e.g., N-ethylmaleimide or iodoacetamide) at low temperature, minimize air exposure, and proceed with rapid deproteinization; this prevents conversion of reduced GSH and other –SH species to disulfides that otherwise inflate “oxidized” readouts.

Which derivatization reagents are commonly used for thiol detection, and when?

Monobromobimane is widely used for fluorescence/HPLC or LC–MS workflows because it becomes highly fluorescent after reacting with thiols, while N-ethylmaleimide and iodoacetamide provide fast, irreversible alkylation compatible with LC–MS/MS quantification and redox-speciation designs.

Can LC–MS/MS distinguish free vs. protein-bound or oxidized thiols?

Yes; differential alkylation strategies coupled to targeted LC–MS/MS or PRM allow separate tracking of reduced, mixed-disulfide, and other oxidized states, enabling thiol/disulfide speciation beyond total pools.

When should I choose HILIC or mixed-mode LC instead of standard reversed-phase?

For small, polar thiols that elute early or co-elute on C18, HILIC or mixed-mode chemistries provide stronger retention and improved selectivity, reducing matrix interference in metabolomics-style assays.

Why do many GSH/GSSG assays report unexpectedly high GSSG, and how is this avoided?

Artificial oxidation of GSH during pre-analytical handling can inflate apparent GSSG; stabilization at collection and matrix-appropriate workflows are essential to avoid the well-documented “micromolar GSSG” artefact.

How are S-nitrosothiols (RSNOs) handled given their lability?

RSNOs require specialized stabilization and detection (e.g., photolysis/chemiluminescence or LC approaches with tailored derivatization), because they decompose or transnitrosate under common prep conditions; method selection hinges on sample matrix and target RSNO.

Do you support analysis of volatile thiols (e.g., 3-MH, 3-MHA) from fermentation or flavor matrices?

Yes; volatile thiols are typically measured by headspace SPME followed by GC–MS/MS, often after thiol-specific derivatization (e.g., PFB derivatives) to enhance sensitivity for ultra-trace levels in complex matrices.

What is matrix-matched calibration and when is it needed for thiols?

Matrix-matched calibration uses the same matrix type (post-extraction or surrogate) to build calibration curves, compensating for ion suppression or adduct formation—especially important for polar thiols where retention and response are matrix dependent.

Can LC–MS/MS confirm low-abundance thiol adducts or conjugates (e.g., GSH adducts)?

High-resolution PRM provides full MS² spectra and accurate mass to orthogonally confirm targeted adducts, resolving isobaric interferences that may persist in MRM-only data.

How should samples containing CoA thioesters be treated to prevent hydrolysis?

Keep samples cold and acidified as appropriate, minimize freeze–thaw, and proceed rapidly to extraction and LC–MS to preserve labile acyl-CoAs and avoid thioester exchange that can bias quantification.

Are there special considerations for protein free-cysteine measurement in biotherapeutics?

Yes; free cysteines can affect protein stability and efficacy, so workflows often pair selective alkylation with MS readouts to locate and quantify free cysteines under native-compatible conditions.

How do you decide between FLD and MS detection for thiols?

HPLC–FLD after mBBr derivatization is efficient for screening or ratio tracking, whereas LC–MS/MS or PRM is preferred when selectivity, isomer resolution, and structural confirmation are required in complex matrices.

MS-CETSA functional proteomics uncovers new DNA-repair programs leading to Gemcitabine resistance

Nordlund, P., Liang, Y. Y., Khalid, K., Van Le, H., Teo, H. M., Raitelaitis, M., ... & Prabhu, N.

Journal: Research Square

Year: 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4820265/v1

High Levels of Oxidative Stress Early after HSCT Are Associated with Later Adverse Outcomes

Cook, E., Langenberg, L., Luebbering, N., Ibrahimova, A., Sabulski, A., Lake, K. E., ... & Davies, S. M.

Journal:Transplantation and Cellular Therapy

Year: 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtct.2023.12.096

Multiomics of a rice population identifies genes and genomic regions that bestow low glycemic index and high protein content

Badoni, S., Pasion-Uy, E. A., Kor, S., Kim, S. R., Tiozon Jr, R. N., Misra, G., ... & Sreenivasulu, N.

Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Year: 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2410598121

The Brain Metabolome Is Modified by Obesity in a Sex-Dependent Manner

Norman, J. E., Milenkovic, D., Nuthikattu, S., & Villablanca, A. C.

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Year: 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25063475

UDP-Glucose/P2Y14 Receptor Signaling Exacerbates Neuronal Apoptosis After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats

Kanamaru, H., Zhu, S., Dong, S., Takemoto, Y., Huang, L., Sherchan, P., ... & Zhang, J. H.

Journal: Stroke

Year: 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.123.044422

Pan-lysyl oxidase inhibition disrupts fibroinflammatory tumor stroma, rendering cholangiocarcinoma susceptible to chemotherapy

Burchard, P. R., Ruffolo, L. I., Ullman, N. A., Dale, B. S., Dave, Y. A., Hilty, B. K., ... & Hernandez-Alejandro, R.

Journal: Hepatology Communications

Year: 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/HC9.0000000000000502

Comparative metabolite profiling of salt sensitive Oryza sativa and the halophytic wild rice Oryza coarctata under salt stress

Tamanna, N., Mojumder, A., Azim, T., Iqbal, M. I., Alam, M. N. U., Rahman, A., & Seraj, Z. I.

Journal: Plant‐Environment Interactions

Year: 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/pei3.10155

Teriflunomide/leflunomide synergize with chemotherapeutics by decreasing mitochondrial fragmentation via DRP1 in SCLC

Mirzapoiazova, T., Tseng, L., Mambetsariev, B., Li, H., Lou, C. H., Pozhitkov, A., ... & Salgia, R.

Journal: iScience

Year: 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2024.110132

Physiological, transcriptomic and metabolomic insights of three extremophyte woody species living in the multi-stress environment of the Atacama Desert

Gajardo, H. A., Morales, M., Larama, G., Luengo-Escobar, A., López, D., Machado, M., ... & Bravo, L. A.

Journal: Planta

Year: 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-024-04484-1

A personalized probabilistic approach to ovarian cancer diagnostics

Ban, D., Housley, S. N., Matyunina, L. V., McDonald, L. D., Bae-Jump, V. L., Benigno, B. B., ... & McDonald, J. F.

Journal: Gynecologic Oncology

Year: 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2023.12.030

Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis is prevented by dietary prune in female mice

Chargo, N. J., Neugebauer, K., Guzior, D. V., Quinn, R. A., Parameswaran, N., & McCabe, L. R.

Journal: Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology

Year: 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2023.1324649

Proteolytic activation of fatty acid synthase signals pan-stress resolution

Wei, H., Weaver, Y. M., Yang, C., Zhang, Y., Hu, G., Karner, C. M., ... & Weaver, B. P.

Journal: Nature Metabolism

Year: 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s42255-023-00939-z

Quantifying forms and functions of intestinal bile acid pools in mice

Sudo, K., Delmas-Eliason, A., Soucy, S., Barrack, K. E., Liu, J., Balasubramanian, A., … & Sundrud, M. S.

Journal: bioRxiv

Year: 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.02.16.580658

Elevated SLC7A2 expression is associated with an abnormal neuroinflammatory response and nitrosative stress in Huntington's disease

Gaudet, I. D., Xu, H., Gordon, E., Cannestro, G. A., Lu, M. L., & Wei, J.

Journal: Journal of Neuroinflammation

Year: 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-024-03038-2

Thermotolerance capabilities, blood metabolomics, and mammary gland hemodynamics and transcriptomic profiles of slick-haired Holstein cattle during mid lactation in Puerto Rico

Contreras-Correa, Z. E., Sánchez-Rodríguez, H. L., Arick II, M. A., Muñiz-Colón, G., & Lemley, C. O.

Journal: Journal of Dairy Science

Year: 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2023-23878

DNA stimulates SIRT6 to mono-ADP-ribosylate proteins within histidine repeats

Pederson, N. J., & Diehl, K. L.

Journal: bioRxiv

Year: 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.31.606047

Glycine supplementation can partially restore oxidative stress-associated glutathione deficiency in ageing cats

Ruparell, A., Alexander, J. E., Eyre, R., Carvell-Miller, L., Leung, Y. B., Evans, S. J., ... & Watson, P.

Journal: British Journal of Nutrition

Year: 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114524000370

Untargeted metabolomics reveal sex-specific and non-specific redox-modulating metabolites in kidneys following binge drinking

Rafferty, D., de Carvalho, L. M., Sutter, M., Heneghan, K., Nelson, V., Leitner, M., ... & Puthanveetil, P.

Journal: Redox Experimental Medicine

Year: 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1530/REM-23-0005

Sex modifies the impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus on the murine whole brain metabolome

Norman, J. E., Nuthikattu, S., Milenkovic, D., & Villablanca, A. C.

Journal: Metabolites

Year: 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13091012

A human iPSC-derived hepatocyte screen identifies compounds that inhibit production of Apolipoprotein B

Liu, J. T., Doueiry, C., Jiang, Y. L., Blaszkiewicz, J., Lamprecht, M. P., Heslop, J. A., ... & Duncan, S. A.

Journal: Communications Biology

Year: 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-023-04739-9

Methyl donor supplementation reduces phospho‐Tau, Fyn and demethylated protein phosphatase 2A levels and mitigates learning and motor deficits in a mouse model of tauopathy

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Journal: Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology

Year: 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/nan.12931

Sex hormones, sex chromosomes, and microbiota: identification of Akkermansia muciniphila as an estrogen-responsive bacterium

Sakamuri, A., Bardhan, P., Tummala, R., Mauvais-Jarvis, F., Yang, T., Joe, B., & Ogola, B. O.

Journal: Microbiota and Host

Year: 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1530/MAH-23-0010

Living in extreme environments: a photosynthetic and desiccation stress tolerance trade-off story, but not for everyone

Gajardo, H. A., Morales, M., López, D., Luengo-Escobar, M., Machado, A., Nunes-Nesi, A., ... & Bravo, L.

Journal: Authorea Preprints

Year: 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22541/au.168311184.42382633/v2

Resting natural killer cell homeostasis relies on tryptophan/NAD+ metabolism and HIF‐1α

Pelletier, A., Nelius, E., Fan, Z., Khatchatourova, E., Alvarado‐Diaz, A., He, J., ... & Stockmann, C.

Journal: EMBO Reports

Year: 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15252/embr.202256156

Function and regulation of a steroidogenic CYP450 enzyme in the mitochondrion of Toxoplasma gondii

Asady, B., Sampels, V., Romano, J. D., Levitskaya, J., Lige, B., Khare, P., ... & Coppens, I.

Journal: PLoS Pathogens

Year: 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1011566

Thiols Analysis Service—Targeted LC–MS/MS Profiling & Quantification

What Are Thiols—and Why Analyze Them

Problems We Help You Solve

Thiols Analysis Service Options and Custom Modules

Detectable Thiols and Sulfur Compounds: Full Panel

Why Choose Our Thiols Analysis Service?

How We Analyze Thiols: Methods, Instruments, and Parameters

LC–MS/MS (Targeted Quantification)

HPLC–FLD (Fluorescence Detection)

High-Resolution PRM (Qualitative & Orthogonal Confirmation)

GC–MS (Volatile Sulfur Compounds)

Thiols Analysis Workflow: Step by Step

Sample Requirements for Thiols Profiling

What You Receive: Deliverables from Our Thiols Analysis

Applications of Thiols Analysis in Research and Industry