Mevalonate Pathway Analysis Service

Q: How is metabolite identity confirmed beyond MRM transitions?

High-resolution MS with PRM/data-dependent MS2 verifies exact mass, isotopic pattern, and fragments—critical for resolving isobars like squalene vs oxidosqualene and for chain-length variants in CoQ or dolichols.

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What Is the Mevalonate Pathway and Why Analyze It

The mevalonate (MVA) pathway is a central metabolic route that supplies precursors for isoprenoid biosynthesis in mammals, plants, and microorganisms. Together with the plastidial MEP/DOXP pathway in plants, it generates isoprenyl diphosphates that support essential cellular processes such as protein prenylation, membrane assembly, and stress adaptation.

These pathways give rise to biologically important lipid classes, including sterols (cholesterol in mammals, phytosterols in plants), ubiquinones (CoQ), plastoquinone, dolichols or polyprenols, and vitamin K compounds. Measuring these intermediates provides a direct readout of pathway activity.

Quantitative analysis of the mevalonate network helps reveal metabolic bottlenecks, lipid synthesis capacity, and responses to genetic or compound intervention. It is widely used to study mitochondrial function, redox balance, membrane biology, and growth regulation. Targeted LC–MS profiling enables precise measurement of pathway intermediates across diverse sample types for unbiased biological interpretation.

What Problems We Help You Solve

Dissect regulatory bottlenecks across MVA and MEP networks
Quantifying key intermediates helps reveal control points in sterol and isoprenoid metabolism.
Connect pathway activity to genetic or compound perturbations
Use defined metabolite shifts to validate enzyme targeting or expression-driven metabolic rewiring.
Resolve structurally related metabolites in complex matrices
Confidently distinguish closely eluting or isobaric species across sterol, quinone, and prenol lipid classes.
Integrate plant and mammalian samples into a unified analytical framework
Matrix-matched methods allow you to compare across species, tissues, and experimental systems.
Support studies in redox function, growth regulation, and membrane biology
Quantitative profiles of pathway products link upstream biosynthesis to functional outputs in mitochondria, plastids, and ER.

How Mevalonate Pathway Analysis Supports Your Research

Reveal control points in isoprenoid metabolism

Quantify HMG-CoA, mevalonate derivatives, and prenyl diphosphates to locate pathway bottlenecks under compound treatment, nutrient shifts, or genetic manipulation.

Evaluate sterol biosynthesis in animal and plant systems

Track sterol intermediates such as lanosterol, zymosterol, desmosterol, sitosterol, and stigmasterol to assess flux, accumulation, or desaturation activity.

Understand redox-linked lipid pathways

Analyze CoQ (CoQ6–CoQ12), plastoquinone, and phylloquinone chain-length variants to explore mitochondrial and chloroplast redox potential.

Estimate prenylation and membrane-targeting potential

Measure farnesyl and geranylgeranyl diphosphates to gauge prenylation capacity and its role in signaling or membrane association.

Connect pathway data to broader lipidomics

Integrate targeted MVA/MEP outputs with untargeted lipidomics or redox panels to build system-level insight into lipid biosynthesis and organelle function.

Detectable Mevalonate Pathway Analyte List (Complete Panel)

Our panel includes key intermediates, diphosphates, sterol precursors, and lipid end-products from both the mevalonate (MVA) and MEP/DOXP pathways. Coverage spans mammalian and plant-specific metabolites.

Core Mevalonate Pathway Intermediates

Compound	Superclass	Class
Acetyl-CoA	Lipids and lipid-like molecules	Fatty acyls
Acetoacetyl-CoA	Lipids and lipid-like molecules	Fatty acyls
3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA)	—	—
Mevalonic acid	Lipids and lipid-like molecules	Fatty acyls
Mevalonic acid 5-phosphate	—	—
Mevalonic acid 5-pyrophosphate	Organic oxygen compounds	Organic oxoanionic compounds

MEP Pathway Intermediates (Plant Only)

Compound	Superclass	Class
1-Deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate (DXP)	Organic oxygen compounds	Sugar phosphates
Methylerythritol phosphate (MEP)	—	—
CDP-ME	—	—
CDP-ME2P	—	—
MEcPP	—	—
HMBPP	—	—

Prenyl Diphosphates (IPP, DMAPP, GPP, FPP, GGPP)

Compound	Superclass	Class
Isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP)	—	—
Dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP)	Lipids and lipid-like molecules	Prenol lipids
Geranyl pyrophosphate (GPP)	Lipids and lipid-like molecules	Prenol lipids
Farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP)	Lipids and lipid-like molecules	Prenol lipids
Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP)	Lipids and lipid-like molecules	Prenol lipids

Sterol Precursors and Cholesterol

Compound	Superclass	Class	Source
Lanosterol	Lipids and lipid-like molecules	Prenol lipids	Mammal (MVA)
Dihydrolanosterol	Lipids and lipid-like molecules	Prenol lipids	Mammal
Zymosterol	Lipids and lipid-like molecules	Steroids and steroid derivatives	Mammal
Zymostenol	Lipids and lipid-like molecules	Steroids and steroid derivatives	Mammal
Lathostenol	—	—	Mammal
7-Dehydrodesmosterol	Lipids and lipid-like molecules	Steroids and steroid derivatives	Mammal
7-Dehydrocholesterol	Lipids and lipid-like molecules	Steroids and steroid derivatives	Mammal
Desmosterol	Lipids and lipid-like molecules	Steroids and steroid derivatives	Mammal
Cholesterol	Lipids and lipid-like molecules	Steroids and steroid derivatives	Mammal
Cycloartenol	Lipids and lipid-like molecules	Steroids	Plant (MVA)
24-Methylene cycloartanol	—	—	Plant
Campesterol	—	Steroids and steroid derivatives	Plant
Sitosterol	—	Steroids and steroid derivatives	Plant
Stigmasterol	—	Steroids and steroid derivatives	Plant

Squalene and Oxidosqualene

Compound	Superclass	Class
Squalene	Lipids and lipid-like molecules	Prenol lipids
2,3-Oxidosqualene	Lipids and lipid-like molecules	Prenol lipids

Coenzyme Q, Plastoquinones, Dolichols, and Polyprenols

Compound	Superclass	Class	Source
CoQ6–CoQ12	—	—	Both
Dolichols (13–21 isoprene units)	—	—	Mammal
Polyprenols (varied chain length)	—	—	Plant
Plastoquinone (PQ-9, PQ-10)	—	—	Plant
Phylloquinone (Vitamin K1)	—	—	Plant
Menaquinones (Vitamin K2 variants)	—	—	Mammal

Why Choose Our Mevalonate Pathway Analysis Service?

Quantitative Accuracy

Standard curves with R² ≥ 0.995 ensure reliable linearity across concentration ranges.

Reproducibility

Intra- and inter-batch precision maintained at CV ≤ 15% for qualified targets.

Sensitive Detection

Stabilized methods support low-abundance intermediates like phosphorylated species and dolichols.

High-Confidence Identification

Optional FTMS offers ≤ 5 ppm mass accuracy and MS² validation for structural confirmation.

Low Background and Carryover

Signal carryover controlled under 1%; blanks confirm system cleanliness.

Multi-Matrix Compatibility

Protocols adapted for plasma, cells, tissues, feces, and DBS to support diverse study designs.

Which Methods Are Used in Mevalonate Pathway Profiling?

We apply advanced LC–MS instrumentation and method-specific optimizations to ensure accurate, reproducible quantification of mevalonate pathway metabolites. All analyses are performed under stringent quality control parameters.

UPLC–MRM/MS for Absolute Quantitation

Platform: Agilent 6495C quadrupole mass spectrometer

Mode: Scheduled MRM, polarity switching

Calibration: Multi-point external curve (R² ≥ 0.995), with isotope-labeled or class-matched internal standards

Typical CVs: ≤ 15% for qualified targets

Use: Core quantitation of HMG-CoA, mevalonate derivatives, isoprenyl pyrophosphates, and sterols; includes support for MEP-derived intermediates in plant samples

UPLC–FTMS for Identity Confirmation (Optional)

Platform: Thermo Orbitrap series (e.g., Q Exactive, Exploris)

Mode: Full-scan HRAM with PRM or data-dependent MS²

Resolution: ≥ 60,000 at m/z 200; mass error ≤ 5 ppm

Mass accuracy: ≤ 5 ppm

Use: Structural verification of isobars (e.g., squalene vs. oxidosqualene), and resolution of CoQ, dolichol, plastoquinone, and phytosterol homologs

Chromatography Conditions

Columns: C18 or HILIC (2.1 × 100 mm, sub-2 μm particle size)

Mobile Phases: Aqueous ammonium formate or acetate (pH-controlled); acetonitrile or methanol as organic modifier

Flow Rate & Gradient: Optimized for analyte class; supports ≥10 points per peak in MRM

Matrix Compatibility: Suitable for polar (phosphates) and nonpolar (sterols, quinones) fractions from both mammalian and plant tissues

Agilent 6495C Triple Quadrupole (Figure from Agilent)

Agilent 1260 Infinity II HPLC (Fig from Agilent)

Thermo Fisher Q Exactive (Figure from Thermo Fisher)

Mevalonate Pathway Analysis Workflow: Step by Step

Project Intake and Target Confirmation

We confirm analyte coverage, sample matrix, and reporting units. Optional consultation supports study design alignment.

Sample Preparation and Stabilization

Matrix-specific extraction methods are applied, including derivatization or cold-chain handling to protect labile phosphates and sterols.

UPLC–MS Analysis

Quantitative analysis is performed via UPLC–MRM/MS using internal standards and multi-point calibration. Optional UPLC–FTMS provides high-resolution confirmation.

Quality Control and Validation

Each batch includes blanks, QCs, and calibrators. Metrics such as linearity, CV%, recovery, and carryover are reviewed before release.

Data Delivery and Reporting

You receive calibrated concentration data, annotated chromatograms, and optional interpretation mapped to biological pathways.

Sample Requirements for Mevalonate Pathway Profiling

Sample Type	Min. Amount Required	Notes
Animal tissues	≥ 50 mg wet weight	Snap-frozen preferred. Avoid freeze-thaw.
Cultured cells	≥ 1×10⁶ cells (pellet)	Wash with PBS and snap-freeze.
Plasma/serum	≥ 100 μL	EDTA or heparinized. Avoid hemolysis.
Feces (mouse/human)	≥ 50 mg	Freeze immediately after collection.
Dried blood spots (DBS)	3–5 punches (3 mm)	Use Whatman 903 or equivalent. Store dry with desiccant.
Microbial pellets	≥ 10⁸ cells	Harvest during mid-log phase for optimal metabolite content.
Plant tissues	≥ 100 mg fresh/frozen	Flash-freeze in liquid nitrogen. Avoid enzymatic degradation.
Plant callus or cell cultures	≥ 50 mg	Rapid harvest and freeze. Submit culture conditions if possible.
Lysates or extracts	≥ 50 μL or ≥ 50 μg protein	Buffer composition must be disclosed; avoid detergents or chelators.

Shipping Tips:

All biological samples should be shipped on dry ice unless pre-dried (e.g., DBS). Label clearly, include sample manifest, and use leak-proof containers. For global shipments, ensure customs documentation matches declared contents.

What You Receive: Deliverables from Mevalonate Pathway Analysis

Absolute metabolite concentrations (nmol/mg or nmol/mL) in Excel/CSV
Annotated chromatograms with retention time and transitions (PDF)
Calibration curves and QC summary (R², CV%, LOD/LOQ)
Method summary with instrumentation and workflow details
Optional MS/MS spectra for identity confirmation
Optional interpretive report linking results to pathway insights

Heatmap showing relative levels of sterol intermediates such as lanosterol, zymosterol, and cholesterol across experimental groups.

Sterol Biosynthesis Intermediates Heatmap

Calibration curve for quantitative LC–MS/MS showing linearity with R<sup>2</sup>, LOD, and LOQ thresholds marked.

Calibration Curve with R² and LOD/LOQ

Multiple EIC traces overlaid to compare signal profiles of mevalonate metabolites in LC–MS runs.

Overlaid Extracted Ion Chromatograms (EICs)

Mass spectrum showing m/z peaks of a mevalonate pathway metabolite with isotopic pattern resolution.

Mass Spectrum of a Representative Analyte

Applications of Mevalonate Pathway Analysis in Research and Industry

Metabolic Engineering

Identify rate-limiting steps to optimize isoprenoid and sterol biosynthetic yields in microbial or plant systems.

Drug Mechanism Studies

Evaluate the metabolic impact of enzyme inhibitors or pathway modulators targeting HMG-CoA reductase or downstream enzymes.

Mitochondrial Function Research

Quantify CoQ intermediates to assess redox balance and electron transport efficiency.

Plant Lipidomics

Explore cross-talk between the MVA and MEP pathways in plastidial lipid biosynthesis and stress adaptation.

Prenylation and Signaling Studies

Measure prenyl diphosphates (FPP, GGPP) to understand protein modification and membrane association processes.

Comparative Lipid Metabolism

Profile sterol and quinone variations across species, tissues, or developmental stages to reveal evolutionary adaptations.

What does a mevalonate/MEP pathway analysis actually measure?

It quantifies precursor pools (e.g., HMG-CoA, mevalonate), prenyl diphosphates (IPP→GGPP), and downstream lipids (sterols, CoQ/dolichols; in plants also plastoquinone/phylloquinone), giving a direct readout of pathway activity and regulatory nodes.

How do you distinguish the mevalonate (MVA) pathway from the MEP pathway in plant samples?

By targeting diagnostic intermediates unique to MEP (DXP→MEcPP→HMBPP) alongside universal prenyl diphosphates, then comparing relative abundances and isotope/HRMS signatures to separate cytosolic MVA from plastid MEP contributions.

How is metabolite identity confirmed beyond MRM transitions?

High-resolution MS with PRM/data-dependent MS² verifies exact mass, isotopic pattern, and fragments—critical for resolving isobars like squalene vs oxidosqualene and for chain-length variants in CoQ or dolichols.

What analytical choices improve sensitivity for labile phosphorylated intermediates?

Chemical derivatization and tailored LC phases enhance retention and peak shape for mevalonate phosphates and prenyl pyrophosphates, significantly boosting detection limits in complex matrices.

Can pathway profiling inform drug mechanism or target engagement?

Yes—altered levels of mevalonate intermediates and prenyl donors reveal on-pathway inhibition (e.g., HMG-CoA reductase) and can relate to biological effects from cholesterol synthesis to prenylation-dependent signaling and immunity.

What's the value of adding sterol intermediates to a cholesterol study?

Measuring lanosterol→desmosterol→cholesterol and related branches exposes flux control and compensatory routing, improving interpretation beyond total cholesterol alone.

MS-CETSA functional proteomics uncovers new DNA-repair programs leading to Gemcitabine resistance

Nordlund, P., Liang, Y. Y., Khalid, K., Van Le, H., Teo, H. M., Raitelaitis, M., ... & Prabhu, N.

Journal: Research Square

Year: 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4820265/v1

High Levels of Oxidative Stress Early after HSCT Are Associated with Later Adverse Outcomes

Cook, E., Langenberg, L., Luebbering, N., Ibrahimova, A., Sabulski, A., Lake, K. E., ... & Davies, S. M.

Journal:Transplantation and Cellular Therapy

Year: 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtct.2023.12.096

Multiomics of a rice population identifies genes and genomic regions that bestow low glycemic index and high protein content

Badoni, S., Pasion-Uy, E. A., Kor, S., Kim, S. R., Tiozon Jr, R. N., Misra, G., ... & Sreenivasulu, N.

Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Year: 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2410598121

The Brain Metabolome Is Modified by Obesity in a Sex-Dependent Manner

Norman, J. E., Milenkovic, D., Nuthikattu, S., & Villablanca, A. C.

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Year: 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25063475

UDP-Glucose/P2Y14 Receptor Signaling Exacerbates Neuronal Apoptosis After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats

Kanamaru, H., Zhu, S., Dong, S., Takemoto, Y., Huang, L., Sherchan, P., ... & Zhang, J. H.

Journal: Stroke

Year: 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.123.044422

Pan-lysyl oxidase inhibition disrupts fibroinflammatory tumor stroma, rendering cholangiocarcinoma susceptible to chemotherapy

Burchard, P. R., Ruffolo, L. I., Ullman, N. A., Dale, B. S., Dave, Y. A., Hilty, B. K., ... & Hernandez-Alejandro, R.

Journal: Hepatology Communications

Year: 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/HC9.0000000000000502

Comparative metabolite profiling of salt sensitive Oryza sativa and the halophytic wild rice Oryza coarctata under salt stress

Tamanna, N., Mojumder, A., Azim, T., Iqbal, M. I., Alam, M. N. U., Rahman, A., & Seraj, Z. I.

Journal: Plant‐Environment Interactions

Year: 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/pei3.10155

Teriflunomide/leflunomide synergize with chemotherapeutics by decreasing mitochondrial fragmentation via DRP1 in SCLC

Mirzapoiazova, T., Tseng, L., Mambetsariev, B., Li, H., Lou, C. H., Pozhitkov, A., ... & Salgia, R.

Journal: iScience

Year: 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2024.110132

Physiological, transcriptomic and metabolomic insights of three extremophyte woody species living in the multi-stress environment of the Atacama Desert

Gajardo, H. A., Morales, M., Larama, G., Luengo-Escobar, A., López, D., Machado, M., ... & Bravo, L. A.

Journal: Planta

Year: 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-024-04484-1

A personalized probabilistic approach to ovarian cancer diagnostics

Ban, D., Housley, S. N., Matyunina, L. V., McDonald, L. D., Bae-Jump, V. L., Benigno, B. B., ... & McDonald, J. F.

Journal: Gynecologic Oncology

Year: 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2023.12.030

Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis is prevented by dietary prune in female mice

Chargo, N. J., Neugebauer, K., Guzior, D. V., Quinn, R. A., Parameswaran, N., & McCabe, L. R.

Journal: Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology

Year: 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2023.1324649

Proteolytic activation of fatty acid synthase signals pan-stress resolution

Wei, H., Weaver, Y. M., Yang, C., Zhang, Y., Hu, G., Karner, C. M., ... & Weaver, B. P.

Journal: Nature Metabolism

Year: 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s42255-023-00939-z

Quantifying forms and functions of intestinal bile acid pools in mice

Sudo, K., Delmas-Eliason, A., Soucy, S., Barrack, K. E., Liu, J., Balasubramanian, A., … & Sundrud, M. S.

Journal: bioRxiv

Year: 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.02.16.580658

Elevated SLC7A2 expression is associated with an abnormal neuroinflammatory response and nitrosative stress in Huntington's disease

Gaudet, I. D., Xu, H., Gordon, E., Cannestro, G. A., Lu, M. L., & Wei, J.

Journal: Journal of Neuroinflammation

Year: 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-024-03038-2

Thermotolerance capabilities, blood metabolomics, and mammary gland hemodynamics and transcriptomic profiles of slick-haired Holstein cattle during mid lactation in Puerto Rico

Contreras-Correa, Z. E., Sánchez-Rodríguez, H. L., Arick II, M. A., Muñiz-Colón, G., & Lemley, C. O.

Journal: Journal of Dairy Science

Year: 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2023-23878

DNA stimulates SIRT6 to mono-ADP-ribosylate proteins within histidine repeats

Pederson, N. J., & Diehl, K. L.

Journal: bioRxiv

Year: 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.31.606047

Glycine supplementation can partially restore oxidative stress-associated glutathione deficiency in ageing cats

Ruparell, A., Alexander, J. E., Eyre, R., Carvell-Miller, L., Leung, Y. B., Evans, S. J., ... & Watson, P.

Journal: British Journal of Nutrition

Year: 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114524000370

Untargeted metabolomics reveal sex-specific and non-specific redox-modulating metabolites in kidneys following binge drinking

Rafferty, D., de Carvalho, L. M., Sutter, M., Heneghan, K., Nelson, V., Leitner, M., ... & Puthanveetil, P.

Journal: Redox Experimental Medicine

Year: 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1530/REM-23-0005

Sex modifies the impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus on the murine whole brain metabolome

Norman, J. E., Nuthikattu, S., Milenkovic, D., & Villablanca, A. C.

Journal: Metabolites

Year: 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13091012

A human iPSC-derived hepatocyte screen identifies compounds that inhibit production of Apolipoprotein B

Liu, J. T., Doueiry, C., Jiang, Y. L., Blaszkiewicz, J., Lamprecht, M. P., Heslop, J. A., ... & Duncan, S. A.

Journal: Communications Biology

Year: 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-023-04739-9

Methyl donor supplementation reduces phospho‐Tau, Fyn and demethylated protein phosphatase 2A levels and mitigates learning and motor deficits in a mouse model of tauopathy

van Hummel, A., Taleski, G., Sontag, J. M., Feiten, A. F., Ke, Y. D., Ittner, L. M., & Sontag, E.

Journal: Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology

Year: 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/nan.12931

Sex hormones, sex chromosomes, and microbiota: identification of Akkermansia muciniphila as an estrogen-responsive bacterium

Sakamuri, A., Bardhan, P., Tummala, R., Mauvais-Jarvis, F., Yang, T., Joe, B., & Ogola, B. O.

Journal: Microbiota and Host

Year: 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1530/MAH-23-0010

Living in extreme environments: a photosynthetic and desiccation stress tolerance trade-off story, but not for everyone

Gajardo, H. A., Morales, M., López, D., Luengo-Escobar, M., Machado, A., Nunes-Nesi, A., ... & Bravo, L.

Journal: Authorea Preprints

Year: 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22541/au.168311184.42382633/v2

Resting natural killer cell homeostasis relies on tryptophan/NAD+ metabolism and HIF‐1α

Pelletier, A., Nelius, E., Fan, Z., Khatchatourova, E., Alvarado‐Diaz, A., He, J., ... & Stockmann, C.

Journal: EMBO Reports

Year: 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15252/embr.202256156

Function and regulation of a steroidogenic CYP450 enzyme in the mitochondrion of Toxoplasma gondii

Asady, B., Sampels, V., Romano, J. D., Levitskaya, J., Lige, B., Khare, P., ... & Coppens, I.

Journal: PLoS Pathogens

Year: 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1011566

Mevalonate Pathway and Isoprenoid Analysis Service

What Is the Mevalonate Pathway and Why Analyze It

What Problems We Help You Solve

How Mevalonate Pathway Analysis Supports Your Research

Detectable Mevalonate Pathway Analyte List (Complete Panel)

Core Mevalonate Pathway Intermediates

MEP Pathway Intermediates (Plant Only)

Prenyl Diphosphates (IPP, DMAPP, GPP, FPP, GGPP)

Sterol Precursors and Cholesterol

Squalene and Oxidosqualene

Coenzyme Q, Plastoquinones, Dolichols, and Polyprenols

Why Choose Our Mevalonate Pathway Analysis Service?

Which Methods Are Used in Mevalonate Pathway Profiling?

UPLC–MRM/MS for Absolute Quantitation

UPLC–FTMS for Identity Confirmation (Optional)

Chromatography Conditions

Mevalonate Pathway Analysis Workflow: Step by Step

Sample Requirements for Mevalonate Pathway Profiling

What You Receive: Deliverables from Mevalonate Pathway Analysis

Applications of Mevalonate Pathway Analysis in Research and Industry